Electrochemical properties of a polylactide/polypyrrole composite and electrochemical synthesis of a free-standing polypyrrole membrane

Les polymères conducteurs sont fréquemment utilisés en génie biomédical pour la transmission de signaux électriques. Les objectifs de ce mémoire étaient d'évaluer l'électroactivité d'un composite de polymère conducteur, et d'explorer une nouvelle technique de synthèse d'une membrane mince à partir de ce polymère conducteur. L'effet de l'héparine comme dopant polyanionique sur l'électroactivité du composite a été évaluée par voltammétrie cyclique (CV) et comparée à l'effet des anions de chlore. Le composite dopé par héparine a été trouvé électriquement actif avec une stabilité améliorée de façon significative. Ces résultats confirment le potentiel de l'utilisation de ces composites conducteurs pour des applications biomédicales à long terme. Les membranes minces des polymères conducteurs sont généralement synthétisées par polymérisation électrochimique à la surface de l'électrode. Des membranes souples et autoportants de polypyrrole (PPy) et le copolymère de pyrrole et 1 -(2-carboxyéthyl)pyrrole (PPy/PPyCOOH) par électropolymérisation à l'interface air/liquide (electrolyte) ont été produites dans le cadre de ce mémoire. Ces membranes ont démontré une électroactivité stable pour un minimum de 200 balayages de CV. La membrane PPy/PPyCOOH a également démontré une importante activité d'oxydoréduction. Ces membranes peuvent être utilisées dans des biosenseurs ou des piles souples

Networked Federated Learning

We develop the theory and algorithmic toolbox for networked federated learning in decentralized collections of local datasets with an intrinsic network structure. This network structure arises from domain-specific notions of similarity between local datasets. Different notions of similarity are induced by spatio-temporal proximity, statistical dependencies or functional relations. Our main conceptual contribution is to formulate networked federated learning using a generalized total variation minimization. This formulation unifies and considerably extends existing federated multi-task learning methods. It is highly flexible and can be combined with a broad range of parametric models including Lasso or deep neural networks. Our main algorithmic contribution is a novel networked federated learning algorithm which is well suited for distributed computing environments such as edge computing over wireless networks. This algorithm is robust against inexact computations arising from limited computational resources including processing time or bandwidth. For local models resulting in convex problems, we derive precise conditions on the local models and their network structure such that our algorithm learns nearly optimal local models. Our analysis reveals an interesting interplay between the convex geometry of local models and the (cluster-) geometry of their network structure

Resistance practice on Chinese social media:Shifting to the “second half” of COVID-19 era

Previous studies on examining resistance practice online in China focus on the netizens’ response to breaking incidents and its potentials of challenging political power negotiation within social media sphere. This study explores the shifting effect on the strategic resistance practice in anaphase of COVID-19 pandemic, in which Chinese netizens shaped a unique combination of strategy-making and purposes under the persistent anti-pandemic policy, the ever-evolving censorship and the distraction released by government. Based on a qualitative discourse analysis of 2456 Weibo comments under three trending and distractive topics in April 2022, this study adopts the discursive pragmatic approach to reveal the major strategies utilised by netizens and their purposes of resistance in context. Within the current discourse, parody, teasing, and constructed utterances were identified as the major strategies, while a comparison with general Chinese online discourse shows that neology (novel words/expressions or existing words/expressions with new meanings) was dynamically and imaginatively applied by netizens for resistance. Further content analysis demonstrates that these strategies were served for combining personal experience, eye witnessing, sentiments and adaptations of latest memes with resistance as well as evasion of censorship, during which netizens with pragmatic competence of others’ outputs and the shared social-cultural background knowledge regarding pandemic events can achieve interactive and communicative exchange. Compared to existing Chinese social media discourse research literature during pandemic, this study exemplifies Chinese netizens shifted themselves from the cyber nationalism campaign during the “first half” to the “second half” of pandemic by rejecting deliberate distraction, focusing on their “mundane desires,” and showing little interests in leading collective political events online in everyday life with long-term anti-pandemic measures and up-to-date Internet surveillance. This shifting effect also enriches the description of liminal space in which the delay between netizen’s response, government supervision and censorship update under pandemic settings is different from the one shown in public incidents

Characterization of stress degradation products of curcumin and its two derivatives by UPLC–DAD–MS/MS

AbstractCurcumin and its two derivatives of PB-3 and DY-1 were subjected to the forced degradation studies under the conditions of hydrolysis (acidic and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress recommended by ICH Q1A (R2) by means of UPLC–DAD–MS/MS. Three analytes and their degradation products were separated on a column of ACQUITY UPLC®BEH C18 (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) with an in-line filter prior to the column using acetonitrile and 10mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 3.5) as a mobile phase. Both curcumin and DY-1 showed extensive degradation under alkaline condition and gave rise to two degradation products for curcumin and three for DY-1, respectively, while no degradation product was observed under other tested conditions. PB-3 was found to be unstable in acid and alkaline conditions, two degradation products in acidic hydrolytic condition and one in alkaline condition were obtained, while it was stable in photolytic, oxidative and thermal stress conditions. The degradation products of three analytes were characterized as follows by analyzing the mass fragmentation patterns of curcumin and mass analysis of the degradation products: ferulic acid and vanillin for curcumin, 3-methoxyl-4-[3-(1-tetrahydropyrrolyl)propoxyl] benzoic aldehyde, 2,2-di-(1-phenylmethyl)-3-oxo-5-[3-methoxyl-4-(3-tetrahydropyrolylpropoxyl)] pent-4-enoic acid, and tetrapyrolyl propoxyl methoxyl phenyl prop-2-enoic acid for PB-3, 3-oxo-5-[4-hydroxyl-5-methoxyl-3-(1-morpholinylmethyl)] pent-4-enoic aldehyde, 3-oxo-5-(4-hydroxyl-5-methoxyl-3-(1-morpholinylmethyl)) pent-4-enoic acid and 2-hydroxyl-3-methoxyl-5-(7-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)-3,5-dioxo-4,4-dimethyl hept-1,6-dienyl) benzoic acid for DY-1, respectively. The degradation pathways of curcumin and its derivatives were presented in addition

Core-Shell Structured Polyamide 66 Nanofibers with Enhanced Flame Retardancy

We report the preparation of polymer nanofibers with enhanced flame retardancy by coaxial electrospinning polyamide 66 (PA 66) and nanoscale graphene hybridized with red phosphorus (NG-RP). Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the nanofibers contained a NG-RP-based core surrounded by a PA 66 shell. The flame-retardant characteristics of the nanofibers were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, micro combustion calorimetry, and a series of vertical flame tests. The encapsulation of the NG-RP not only enhanced the flame-retardant characteristics of the nanofibers, but also improved their mechanical properties while maintaining the color and luster of the polymer, making the resultant nanofibers appropriate for use in a wide range of applications

Vegetation Dynamics and Their Response to Climatic Variability in China

Based on SPOT VEGETATION data and meteorological data, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and its response to temperature and precipitation in China and its different regions were investigated over the period 1998–2013 by using the maximum value composite and linear regression methods. The results showed that NDVI presented significant increase (0.0046/a) for all of China and all the regions over the last 16 years. Meanwhile, annual mean temperature of China presented a slightly increasing trend, while the annual precipitation showed a slightly decreasing trend over the last 16 years. Nevertheless, there were differences between temperature and precipitation in the subregions of China. The Annual NDVI had better relationships with precipitation (r=0.126) compared to temperature (r=-0.094), and NDVI also had a good correlation with precipitation rather than temperature in different subregions of China. Additionally, human activities also made a difference to the trends of NDVI in some regions. This study is conductive to the effects of climate change on vegetation activity in future research

Stability Analysis for a Fractional HIV Infection Model with Nonlinear Incidence

We introduce the fractional-order derivatives into an HIV infection model with nonlinear incidence and show that the established model in this paper possesses nonnegative solution, as desired in any population dynamics. We also deal with the stability of the infection-free equilibrium, the immune-absence equilibrium, and the immune-presence equilibrium. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the results.Peer reviewe

Prevalence and spectrum of BRCA germline variants in mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients.

Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most penetrating genetic predispositions for breast and ovarian cancer, and their presence is largely ethnic-specific. Comprehensive information about the prevalence and spectrum of BRCA mutations has been collected in European and North American populations. However, similar information is lacking in other populations, including the mainland Chinese population despite its large size of 1.4 billion accounting for one fifth of the world\u27s population. Herein, we performed an extensive literature analysis to collect BRCA variants identified from mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients. We observed 137 distinct BRCA1 variants in 409 of 3,844 and 80 distinct BRCA2 variants in 157 of 3,024 mainland Chinese patients, with an estimated prevalence of 10.6% for BRCA1 and 5.2% for BRCA2. Of these variants, only 40.3% in BRCA1 and 42.5% in BRCA2 are listed in current Breast Cancer Information Core database. We observed higher frequent variation in BRCA1 exons 11A, 11C, 11D, and 24 and BRCA2 exon 10 in Chinese patients than in the patients of other populations. The most common pathogenic variant in BRCA1 wasc.981_982delAT in exon 11A, and in BRCA2 c.3195_3198delTAAT in exon 11B and c.5576_5579delTTAA in exon 11E; the most common novel variant in BRCA1 was c.919A\u3eG in exon 10A, and in BRCA2 c.7142delC in exon 14. None of the variants overlap with the founder mutations in other populations. Our analysis indicates that the prevalence of BRCA variation in mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients is at a level similar to but the spectrum is substantially different from the ones of other populations